This study examined the effect of innovation capability on business sustainability among selected manufacturing firms in Kogi State, Nigeria. The study was motivated by the persistent sustainability challenges facing manufacturing firms in developing economies despite increasing emphasis on innovation as a strategic tool for competitiveness and long-term survival. Innovation capability was operationalized through product innovation, process innovation, organizational innovation, and marketing innovation, while business sustainability was measured using economic, environmental, and social sustainability dimensions. The study adopted a descriptive survey research design, and data were collected from a sample of 217 respondents selected from West Africa Ceramic Company Ltd and BN Ceramic Company Ltd using proportionate stratified and simple random sampling techniques. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and multiple regression analysis. The findings revealed that all dimensions of innovation capability had significant positive effects on business sustainability. Specifically, process innovation exerted the strongest influence, followed by product innovation, organizational innovation, and marketing innovation. The regression results further indicated that innovation capability significantly explained variations in economic, environmental, and social sustainability among the selected manufacturing firms. The study concluded that innovation capability is a critical determinant of business sustainability and serves as a strategic mechanism for enhancing long-term organizational survival, competitiveness, and environmental responsiveness. The study recommended that manufacturing firms should prioritize investment in innovation-driven strategies, particularly process and product innovation, to improve efficiency, profitability, and sustainability performance. It also recommended that government and industry stakeholders should support innovation through enabling policies, improved infrastructure, and incentives for sustainable manufacturing practices. The study contributes to theoretical discourse by reinforcing the relevance of Resource-Based View and Dynamic Capability Theory in explaining sustainability outcomes in emerging economies.